Water Protection Program

Local Government, MS4 Programs

Overview of Stormwater Management Program Requirements

• Public Education and Outreach MCM #1.
• Public Involvement and Participation MCM #2.
• Illicit Discharge Detection and Elimination MCM #3.
• Construction Site Runoff Control MCM #4.
• Post-construction Runoff Control MCM #5.
• Pollution Prevention and Good Housekeeping for Municipal Operations MCM #6.

Additional Resources for Local Governments
Annual Report Forms
Department Regional and Satellite Offices
MS4 Program Funding Guidance
Regulated MS4s in Missouri
Small MS4 General Permit MO-R04000
Stormwater Internet Map Viewer
Watershed and Partner Organizations

Certification Programs for Managers

APWA Certified Stormwater Manager Program
MS4 Operator Certification Program - EnviroCert International

Overview of Stormwater Management

The national and state stormwater regulations now require certain small communities to obtain a National Pollutant Discharge Elimination System, also known as NPDES, permit. Missouri has three Phase I communities: – Kansas City, Independence and Springfield.  In addition, there are approximately 164 Missouri communities affected by these Phase II Stormwater regulations  These small communities with Municipal Separate Storm Sewer Systems, also known as MS4s, were required to obtain a NPDES permit by March 10, 2003  The permit requires these regulated MS4s to have their Stormwater management program in place within five years from the date of initial permit issuance.  The program must address six minimum control measures  The larger metropolitan areas such as Kansas City, Springfield and Independence became regulated under the 1990 Phase I regulations  The Metropolitan St. Louis Sewer District successfully petitioned on behalf of the City of St. Louis to be regulated under Phase II.

Affected Missouri Communities

Medium and large MS4s required to seek coverage under a NPDES permit. (Generally, populations 100,000+.) Refer to state regulation 10 CSR 20-6.200 and 40 CFR 122.26(d) for application requirements for medium and large MS4s.  See Application Form A below.

Small MS4s) required to seek coverage under a NPDES permit and develop a stormwater management program. (Generally, populations between 1,000 and 10,000 if within an Urbanized Area, and other populations between 10,000 and 100,000.) Refer to state regulation 10 CSR 20-6.200 and 40 CFR 122.34 for application requirements for small MS4s. See Application Forms K, L & M below.

Missouri Regulated MS4s

Metropolitan St. Louis Sewer District and its 60 co-permittees

Federal Criteria for Determining Which Communities are Affected

U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) Who’s Covered Fact Sheet
EPA Urbanized Area Fact Sheet (EPA 833-F-00-004)
Missouri populations as defined by U.S. Census Bureau
Missouri's Nine Urbanized Area Reference Maps 2010 as defined by U.S. Census Bureau:

• Cape Girardeau MO-IL Urbanized Area.
• Columbia MO Urbanized Area.
• Jefferson City MO Urbanized Area.
• Joplin MO Urbanized Area.
• Lee's Summit MO Urbanized Area.
• Kansas City MO-KS Urbanized Area.
• Springfield MO Urbanized Area.
• St. Joseph MO-KS Urbanized Area.
• St. Louis MO-IL Urbanized Area

Permit Options and Reporting Requirements
The department issued a statewide general permit MO-R040000 for Phase II MS4s on March 10, 2003  This general permit lists requirements for minimum control measures, reporting and monitoring  The department expects this general permit to cover the majority of Phase II regulated MS4s  However, an alternative permit option is available. See Stormwater Program Guide For Phase II Communities of Missouri for more details.

Large and medium (Phase I) MS4 permit applications:

Form A - Application for Construction or Operating Permit, Form--MO 780-1479 (07/08)
Instructions for Phase I application submittal per 40 CFR 122.26(d)

Small (Phase II) MS4 permit applications for the general permit.

Form K Application MO 780-1802 for Small Individual MS4 (must be accompanied by Form M)
Form L Application MO 780-1801 for Co-permittee Small MS4 General Permit (must be accompanied by Form M)
Form M Application MO 780-1800 for Stormwater Permit under the General Permit: Small Separate Storm Sewer System (MS4) (must accompany Form K or L)

Small MS4s applying for a site-specific permit may use Forms K and M above.

Annual Reporting Forms MO 780-1846 for Small MS4s.

Stormwater Annual Report - Small MS4 Permits -- 780-1846
Stormwater Annual Report - Small MS4 Permits Addendum - Water Quality Program Assessment - 780-2049

Note: These forms should be filled out by small MS4 permittees and returned to the department by July 28 each year.  Form 780-1846 is the main form and Form 780-2049 is the addendum to help fill out section C.2.b of form 780-1846.

EPA Program Evaluation (Audit) Guidance for Regulated MS4s

MS4 Program Evaluation Guidance January 2007 (Guide with Appendix A)— Field test version EPA-833-R-07-003
MS4 Program Evaluation Guidance January 2007 (Appendices B-D)— Field test version EPA-833-R-07-003

Stormwater Program Development for Regulated MS4s

Missouri Guide to Green Infrastructure: Integrating Water Quality into Municipal Stormwater Management, May 2012
Measurable Goals Guidance for Phase II Small MS4s Designed to help small MS4 operators comply with the measurable goals permitting requirements
Phase II Stormwater Management Plan – Metropolitan St. Louis Sewer District
Worksheets, checklists, ordinances, and more for all six Minimum Control Measures - Pennsylvania DEQ
Designing and Implementing an Effective Stormwater Management Program - American Public Works Association
Model Ordinances to Protect Local Resources - EPA (for Phase I & II communities)
Planning for Urban Watershed Protection
Protecting Water Resources with Higher-Density Development - EPA January 2006

See additional information under each of the six minimum control measures listed below.

Six Minimum Control Measures required for Stormwater Management Program for Phase II regulated communities

EPA Six Minimum Control Measures Fact Sheets
Missouri’s Small MS4 General Permit Conditions

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MS4 Program Funding Guidance

Guidance for Municipal Stormwater Funding - National Association of Flood and Stormwater Management Agencies, January 2006
An Annotated Bibliography of Stormwater Finance Resources - Center for Urban Policy and the Environment, April 29, 2002

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Public Education and Outreach (Minimum Control Measure #1)

• EPA Fact Sheet Public Education and Outreach, or PEO.
• EPA menu of PEO best management practices.
• The General Permit requirements for PEO begin on Page 9.
• The Watershed Center at Valley Water Mill (Springfield) - First Major Water Education Center in the Midwest.
• Lawn Care and Water Quality Requirements.
• Project WET - Water Education for Teachers.
• Example - Information and Education Plan is available from Dane County, Wisconsin.
• Elements of Successful Stormwater Outreach and Education - Neiswender and Shephard 2001.
• Missouri Environmental Education Association.
• University of Missouri Outreach and Extension for Water Quality.
• Missouri Watershed Information Network.

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Public Involvement and Participation (Minimum Control Measure #2)

• EPA Fact Sheet Public Involvement and Participation.
• EPA menu of PIP best management practices.
• The General Permit requirements for public involvement and participation begin on Page 9.
• Citizen involvement through Missouri Stream Teams.
• Existing watershed and partner organizations in Missouri.
• Example - Public Participation Plan is available from Dane County, Wisconsin.
• Effective Public Participation and Communication – Municipal Research and Services Center of Washington.
• Building Local Partnership – a guide for watershed partnerships – Conservation Technology Information Center.
• Public Participation Bibliography – a project of the Ecological and Cultural Change Studies Group at Michigan State University.
• Public Participation in Environmental Assessment and Decision Making – The National Academies - advisors to the nation on science, engineering and medicine.
• The National Charrette Institute – a public involvement resource for collaboration on development projects and community planning  Design charrettes combine creative, intense work sessions with public workshops and open houses.
• Example - Chagrin River Watershed Partnership – a watershed partnership in Ohio representing 16 communities and 90 percent of the land area in the Chagrin River Watershed  The partnership works closely with members in developing strategies to address flooding, erosion and water quality problems.
• Example - Friends of the Rappahannock – An innovative partnership formed in the Rappahannock basin in Virginia to achieve on-the-ground restoration of eroding streambanks and re-vegetation of riparian forest buffers.

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Illicit Discharge Detection and Elimination (Minimum Control Measure #3)

• EPA Fact Sheet Illicit Discharge Detection and Elimination, or IDDE.
• EPA menu of Illicit Discharge Detection and Elimination best management practices.
• Reducing Sewer Overflows - Clean Rivers Healthy Communities Program on the Web (in partnership with the City of St. Louis Health Department and Metropolitan St. Louis Sewer District).
• The General Permit requirements for Illicit Discharge Detection and Elimination begin on page 12.
• Detecting Illicit Stormwater Discharges - DNR Fact Sheet Series PUB2209.
• Illicit Discharge Detection and Elimination Manual – New England Interstate Water Pollution Control Commission.
• Investigation of Inappropriate Pollutant Entries into Storm Drainage Systems – A User's Guide.  Document number EPA/600/R-92/238  Search the Internet for this publication  It is available for a nominal charge through various bookstores or through the National Technical Service online or at 800-553-6847.
• Illicit Discharge Detection and Elimination: A Guidance Manual for Program Development and Technical Assessments – verified – Center for Watershed Protection.
• Source Verification Procedure – University of Alabama Article Robert Pitt et al.
• Stormwater Management Fact Sheet – Non-Stormwater Discharges to Storm Sewers – EPA 832-F-99-022 September 1999.
• STREAM HEALTH INDICATORS - Water Quality Parameters Useful in Detecting Illicit Stormwater Discharges - DNR Fact Sheet Series.
• Interactive Map Viewer - DNR.
• C.A.R.E.S. GIS and Internet Mapping in Missouri.
• Illicit Discharge Model Ordinance.

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Construction Site Runoff Control (Minimum Control Measure #4)

• EPA Fact Sheet Small Construction Program Overview.
• Protecting Water Quality: A field guide to erosion, sediment and stormwater best management practices for development sites in Missouri and Kansas.
• EPA menu of construction site program best management practices.
• The General Permit requirements for Construction Site Runoff Control begin on page 11.
• Urban Conservation Policy Handbook – This policy development tool for local governments is a companion manual to Protecting Water Quality: a field guide for erosion, sediment and Stormwater control.
• Guidance for Stormwater pollution prevention plans for construction sites.
  • EPA manual Storm Water Management for Construction Activities: Developing Pollution Prevention Plans and Best Management Practices (EPA 832-R-92-005).
• Missouri’s general land disturbance permit requirements.
  • e-Permitting Information - Instructions and Application System for Land Disturbance Permits.
• Construction Runoff Control Model Ordinance.
• Great Rivers IECA Chapter (Missouri).
• CESEC - Certified Inspector Sediment and Erosion Control (national program).
• Stormwater USA - Get your Stormwater Pollution Prevention Plan straight : Online Stormwater training and certification. Compliance Inspections and Stormwater Pollution Prevention Plans.

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Post-Construction Runoff Control (Minimum Control Measure #5)

Funding Considerations for Municipal Stormwater Management Programs and Post Construction Runoff Control

• Banking on Green: A Joint Report by American Rivers, the Water Environment Federation, the American Society of Landscape Architects and ECONorthwest April 2012.  A Look at How Green Infrastructure Can Save Municipalities Money and Provide Economic Benefits Community wide.
• Forging the Link: Linking the Economic Benefits of Low Impact Development and Community Decisions. July 2011. A Study Conducted By the UNH Stormwater Center, Virginia Commonwealth University, and Antioch University New England.
• Missouri Guide to Green Infrastructure: Integrating Water Quality into Municipal Stormwater Management, May 2012. See case studies for cost considerations.
• Reducing Stormwater Costs through Low Impact Development (LID) Strategies and Practices - EPA.
• The Value of Green Infrastructure: A Guide to Recognizing Its Economic, Environmental and Social Benefits. 2010. Center for Neighborhood Technology/American Rivers.
• Managing Stormwater in Redevelopment and Greenfield Development Projects Using Green Infrastructure – Economic Factors that Influence Developers’ Decisions. June 2011.  ECONorthwest.

Ordinances and Other Regulatory Considerations for Muncipal Stormwater Management Programs and Post Construction Runoff Control

• Article 27: The Tools of Watershed Protection – Chapter 2 from The Rapid Watershed Planning Handbook.EPA Fact Sheet Post-construction Runoff Control.
• Growing Greener: Putting Conservation into Local Plans and Ordinances – Arendt, Randall. 1999  Written from a land planning perspective, describes concepts of cluster development, low impact development and benefits to drainage and surface water quality  Includes description of ordinances and zoning processes for implementation  Island Press, 1718 Connecticut Avenue, N.W., Suite 300, Washington, DC 20009.
• Innovative Zoning Techniques and Overlay Zoning Districts. The Green Valley Institute - a non-regulatory organization
• Managing Stormwater in Your Community: A Guide for Building an Effective Post-Construction Program.
  Authors David J. Hirschman, CWP, and John Kosco, P.E., Tetra Tech Inc., July 2008.
• Missouri Guide to Green Infrastructure: Integrating Water Quality into Municipal Stormwater Management, May 2012. See Chapter 4 for ordinances and other regulatory considerations, and see Chapter 5 page 145 for Rural Smart Growth case study.
• Model Development Principles of Central Rappahannock: A Consensus of the Central Rappahannock Roundtable.
• Northeast Michigan Watershed Zoning. NEMCOG. Northeast Michigan Council of Governments.
• Overlay Zoning in Tompkins County, New York
• Post Construction Ordinance – Stormwater Center Model Ordinance.
• Small MS4 General Permit requirements for Post Construction Runoff Control begin on page 11.
• Stormwater Best Management Practices Post-Construction Recommendations Addressing Legal Impediments and Mandated Impervious Areas: St. Louis County Phase II Stormwater BMP Implementation Work Group, Feb. 2011.
• Stormwater Management Required for Federal Facilities.
• Stream Buffer Policy Considerations.
  • Stream Buffer Model Ordinance – Stormwater Center.
  • Stream (Aquatic) Buffer Model Ordinance – EPA.
  • Watershed Development – Center for Watershed Protection.
  • Model Regulations and Legal Issues - The Long Island Sound Riparian Toolbox.
  • Riparian Buffer Science Literature Review - University of Georgia.
• Watershed Zoning Builder Credits. Sample incentive by Stormwater Center.

Planning, Site Design and Best Management Practice Design Tools for Post Construction Runoff Control

• Benefits of Better Site Designs in Commercial Development. Watershed Protection Techniques Vol. 3, No. 2 • January 2000 25 Feature Article III.
• Creating a Green Infrastructure Plan for Your Community, Green Infrastructure Center
• EPA menu of post-construction best management practices.
• Green Infrastructure Design 2011. Center for Infrastructure Design.
• Green Stormwater Infrastructure: Developing Green Solutions. Seattle Public Utilities.
• Green Values Stormwater Toolbox 2010. Center for Neighborhood Technology.
• Growing Greener: Conservation by Design – Natural Lands Trust. Central Pennsylvania Conservancy.
• Landscape Guide for Stormwater Best Management Practice Design, St. Louis, Missouri: Metropolitan St. Louis Sewer District, Missouri Department of Conservation, Missouri Botanical Garden, Shaw Nature Reserve, Missouri Department of Agriculture and Grow Native!
• Low Impact Development Manual for Michigan: A Design Guide for Implementers and Reviewers SEMCOG 2008.
• Minnesota Stormwater Manual version 2, January 2008.
• Protecting Water Resources with Higher-Density Development - EPA January 2006.
• Puget Sound Online – Water Quality Action Team website devoted to Low Impact Development and smart growth.  Includes an extensive Water Quality Management Plan and many articles on Low Impact Development.
• Site Design Guidance: Tools for Incorporating Post-Construction Stormwater Quality Protection into Concept Plans and Land Disturbance Permitting Revision 1 - April 17, 2009, The Metropolitan St. Louis Sewer District, Developed in Conjunction with the St. Louis Municipalities Phase II Stormwater Steering Committee.
• Green Streets, Highways and Parking Lot Design Information
  • Green Highways/Green Infrastructure Project 2008 - LID Center: Sustainable Design/Water Quality Research.
  • Green Parking Lot Design - Metropolitan Council/Barr Engineering Company.
  • Multifunctional Landscaping: Putting Parking Lot Design Requirements to Work for Water Quality.  Illinois University Extension.
  • San Mateo County Sustainable Green Streets and Parking Lots Design Guidebook First Edition, January 2009.
  • Welcome to SEA Street.  Street Edge Alternatives.  A Seattle Public Utilities Natural Drainage Systems (NDS) project located in northwest Seattle.
  • Urban Thoroughfares Manual - Designing a Context Sensitive Approach for community traffic and streets. Congress for New Urbanism.
  • Vehicular Turf - Florida.
• Green Roofs
  • Extensive and Intensive Green Roofs. Green Roof Plan.  An industry resource web page.
  • Green Roofs for Healthy Cities. Green Roofs for Healthy Cities - North America Inc.- not-for-profit industry association.
  • Native Green Roofs. Ladybird Johnson Wildflower Center. University of Texas in Austin.
• Guides and Manuals
  • Low Impact Development Manuals (Prince George County, Maryland Department of Environmental Resources, Programs and Planning Division, EPA 841-B-00-003 and EPA 841-B-00-002, 1/2000.)  Two technical manuals on Low Impact Development  Copies available free of charge from EPA online or call 800-490-9198.
    • Low Impact Development, an Integrated Design Approach (EPA 841-B-00-003) was prepared by local planners, engineers, developers, and officials  This document details how to develop and implement Low Impact Development methods from an integrated design perspective.
    • Low Impact Development Hydrologic Analysis (EPA 841-B-00-002) is the companion document to the Low Impact Development design manual  This document contains methodology that can be used to estimate changes in site hydrology due to new development, and also to design appropriate treatment systems to maintain the pre-development hydrology of the site.
  • Manual of Best Management Practices For Stormwater Quality 2nd Edition. August 2009. Mid America Regional Council.
  • Missouri Guide to Green Infrastructure: Integrating Water Quality into Municipal Stormwater Management, May 2012.
  • Puget Sound Low Impact Development – Technical Manual and fact sheets for post-construction stormwater management strategy and technologies.
  • Stormwater Management Standards Manual (Ohio) - Technical manual for construction and post-construction Stormwater management strategy, practice and technology.
• Modeling Tools, and Monitoring and Performance Data
  • International Stormwater Best Management Practices Database (EPA/ASCE, 1996-2012). WERF. Water Environment Research Foundation.
  • National Pollutant Removal Performance Database , Version 3, September, 2007. Center for Watershed Protection.
  • Overview of Performance by BMP Category and Common Pollutant Type, 1999-2008.
  • SUSTAIN, or System for Urban Stormwater Treatment and Analysis Integration, is a decision support system to facilitate selection and placement of Best Management Practices, or BMPs, and Low Impact Development, or LID, techniques at strategic locations in urban watersheds. - EPA October 2009.
  • Missouri Water Science Data Center, United States Geological Survey.
  • Watershed Evaluation and Comparison Tool. This project was partially funded by the US EPA, Region 7, through the Missouri Department of Natural Resources (subgrant #G06-NPS-11), under Section 319 of the Clean Water Act
• Low Impact Development Center.
• NEMO - Nonpoint Education for Municipal Officials, linking land use to water quality.
• Stormwater Manager's Resource Center.

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Pollution Prevention and General Housekeeping in Municipal Operations (Minimum Control Measure #6)

• DNR publications on pollution prevention in various industrial operations  Select ‘pollution prevention’ in pull-down menu.
• EPA Fact Sheet Pollution Prevention and General Housekeeping in Municipal Operations (PPGH).
• EPA menu of PPGH best management practices.
• General Permit requirements for Pollution Prevention and General Housekeeping in Municipal Operations begin on Page 12.
• Metropolitan St. Louis Sewer District Phase II Model Operation and Maintenance Program – For the Prevention and Reduction of Pollution in Stormwater Runoff From Municipal Operations.
• Missouri Department of Transportation and the Environment - Wetlands and Streams.
• Michigan Salt and Brine Storage Guidance.
• Municipal Pollution Prevention/ Good Housekeeping Practices, September 2008, Manual 9, Version 1.0, Center for Watershed Protection..

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Additional Resources for Local Governments

• Balancing Water Quality and Smart Growth Goals - ICMA Web cast Archive.
• The North American Surface Water Quality Conference & Exposition.
• The Stormwater Manager's Resources Center.
• The Center for Watershed Protection.
• The Construction Industry Compliance Assistance Center.
• National Weather Service – Advanced Hydrologic Prediction Service.
• Community Collaborative Rain, Hail & Snow Network (CoCoRAHS)- Because every drop counts.

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